Viscous Shock Wave to an Inflow Problem for Compressible Viscous Gas with Large Density Oscillations

Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series - This paper is concerned with the inflow problem for one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations. For such a problem, Huang, Matsumura,...     

Iodine/persulfate-promoted site-selective direct thiolation of quinolones and uracils

A simple and general method for direct thiolation of 4-quinolones with disulfides or thiols under I₂/K₂S₂O₈ system has been developed. Under the optimal conditions, the C–S bond coupling can take place effectively with good to decent yields and excellent regioselectivity of the S-linked products. The established metal-free site-selective approach was also applicable to transform a range of uracil substrates to the thio-substituted products under mild conditions. Further transformation to the sulfone derivatives can be conveniently performed in one-pot. These easy-to-handle protocols represent a useful and interesting synthetic alternative with good substrate scope and functional group compatibility.     

Application of acoustic methods for a non-destructive evaluation of the elastic properties of several typologies of materials

In solid phase materials, differently from what happens in the fluid phase, elastic waves propagate both through longitudinal and transverse waves. From the speed of propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves, it is possible to evaluate important elastic properties of the solids under study, namely the Young’s modulus, the Poisson’s coefficient, the bulk modulus and the shear modulus. This work suggests an accurate method for measuring wave propagation speeds in homogeneous and non-homogeneous materials with the purpose to evaluate their mechanical properties and the associated uncertainty.First of all, to assess the performance of the proposed methodology, based on the “pulse-echo” technique, in terms of accuracy and precision, measurements of wave propagation speeds have been carried out, in atmospheric conditions, in well-known homogeneous and isotropic materials, such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel and also polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas®), Teflon® and optical glass BK7. These results were compared with the values reported in literature (if present), showing how published speed of sound data are very disperse and not so reliable owing to the lack of a precise uncertainty evaluation and of the temperature value associated to the measurement. Then, the same experimental apparatus was used for measuring speed of sound as a function of temperature (from 274.15 to 313.15 K) for 304 stainless steel and oxygen free copper, showing a good accuracy of the results also for temperature conditions far from ambient. Finally, the same procedure was applied to a non-homogeneous solid, obtaining some very preliminary results in typical mediterranean building material, as Carrara marble.     

In Situ Solid‐State Generation of (BN)2‐Pyrenes and Electroluminescent Devices

New BN‐heterocyclic compounds have been found to undergo double arene photoelimination, forming rare yellow fluorescent BN‐pyrenes that contain two B? N units. Most significant is the discovery that the double arene elimination can also be driven by excitons generated electrically within electroluminescent (EL) devices, enabling the in situ solid‐state conversion of BN‐heterocycles to BN‐pyrenes and the use of BN‐pyrenes as emitters for EL devices. The in situ exciton‐driven elimination (EDE) phenomenon has also been observed for other BN‐heterocycles.     

全自动凝胶净化-浓缩-固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定紫皮石斛中有机磷农药残留

建立了以凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和固相萃取(SPE)净化、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法同时测定紫皮石斛中10种有机磷农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈超声提取,提取液经GPC去除类脂杂质和大分子物质,后经Envi-Carb/NH2固相萃取柱净化,选择离子(SIM)监测模式检测,外标法定量。在26min内10种农药得到很好的分离,农药残留量在0.02~0.5μg/mL,方法的线性良好,相关系数为0.997 3~0.999 9,农药加标浓度为0.05mg/kg和0.2mg/kg时,加标回收率在70.4%~115.8%,相对标准偏差在2.8%~9.6%,满足国家标准要求,检出限为0.005 2~0.011mg/kg。方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,能够运用于石斛中多组分有机磷农药残留的定性和定量分析。     

A correlative classifiers approach based on particle filter and sample set for tracking occluded target

Target tracking is one of the most important issues in computer vision and has been applied in many fields of science, engineering and industry. Because of the occlusion during tracking, typical approaches with single classifier learn much of occluding background information which results in the decrease of tracking performance, and eventually lead to the failure of the tracking algorithm. This paper presents a new correlative classifiers approach to address the above problem. Our idea is to derive a group of correlative classifiers based on sample set method. Then we propose strategy to establish the classifiers and to query the suitable classifiers for the next frame tracking. In order to deal with nonlinear problem, particle filter is adopted and integrated with sample set method. For choosing the target from candidate particles, we define a similarity measurement between particles and sample set. The proposed sample set method includes the following steps. First, we cropped positive samples set around the target and negative samples set far away from the target. Second, we extracted average Haar-like feature from these samples and calculate their statistical characteristic which represents the target model. Third, we define the similarity measurement based on the statistical characteristic of these two sets to judge the similarity between candidate particles and target model. Finally, we choose the largest similarity score particle as the target in the new frame. A number of experiments show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach when compared with other state-of-the-art trackers.     

Overall Carbon-neutral Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 in Molten Salts using a Liquid Metal Sn Cathode

An overall carbon-neutral CO₂ electroreduction requires enhanced conversion efficiency and intensified functionality of CO₂-derived products to balance the carbon footprint from CO₂ electroreduction against fixed CO₂. A liquid Sn cathode is herein introduced into electrochemical reduction of CO₂ in molten salts to fabricate core–shell Sn−C spheres (Sn@C). An in situ generated Li₂SnO₃/C directs a self-template formation of Sn@C. Benefitting from the accelerated reaction kinetics from the liquid Sn cathode and the core–shell structure of Sn@C, a CO₂-fixation current efficiency higher than 84 % and a high reversible lithium-storage capacity of Sn@C are achieved. The versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by other low melting point metals, such as Zn and Bi. This process integrates energy-efficient CO₂ conversion and template-free fabrication of value-added metal-carbon, achieving an overall carbon-neutral electrochemical reduction of CO₂.     

Peripherally Heavy-Atom-Decorated Strategy Towards High-Performance Pure Green Electroluminescence with External Quantum Efficiency over 40 %

Heavy-atom integration into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecule could significantly promote the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. However, simultaneously achieving high efficiency, small roll-off, narrowband emission and good operational lifetime remains a big challenge for the corresponding organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we report a pure green multi-resonance TADF molecule BN-STO by introducing a peripheral heavy atom selenium onto the parent BN-Cz molecule. The organic light-emitting diode device based on BN-STO exhibited state-of-the-art performance with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 40.1 %, power efficiency (PE) of 176.9 lm W⁻¹, well-suppressed efficiency roll-off and pure green gamut. This work reveals a feasible strategy to reach a balance between fast RISC process and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of MR-TADF by heavy atom effect.     

Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes Containing Copper Iodine Cube with 100 % Exciton Utilization Using Host-Cluster Synergy

Clusters combine the advantages of organic molecules and inorganic nanomaterials, which are promising alternatives for optoelectronic applications. Nonetheless, recently emerged cluster light-emitting diodes require further excited state optimization of cluster emitters, especially to reduce population of the cluster-centered triplet quenching state (³CC). Here we report that redox-active ligands enhance reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) of Cu₄I₄ cluster for triplet-to-singlet conversion, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) host can provide an external RISC channel. It indicates that the complementarity between TADF host and cluster in RISC transitions gives rise to 100 % triplet conversion efficiency and complete singlet exciton convergence, rendering 100-fold increased singlet radiation rate constant and tenfold decreased triplet non-radiation rate constant. We achieve a photoluminescence quantum yield of 99 % and a record external quantum efficiency of 29.4 %.